Artikel ini memberikan latihan soal SBMPTN HOTS Bahasa Inggris dan pembahasan 2019 untuk mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris
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Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following text.
The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has indeed slowed down this century. An obvious slowing in the rise of global temperatures was recorded at the beginning of the twenty-first century. This was referred to as a 'hiatus' or a 'pause'. This hiatus was first observed several years ago. Climate-change skeptics have used this as evidence that global warming has stopped permanently. But in June the previous year, a study in science claimed that the hiatus was just an artifact which disappears when biases in temperature data are corrected.
Now a prominent group of researchers is countering that claim. They argue in Nature Climate Change that even after correcting these biases the slowdown was real. 'There is this mismatch between what the climate models are producing and what the observations are showing,' says lead author John Fyfe. 'We can't ignore it.' Fyfe uses the term 'slowdown' rather than 'hiatus'. He also stresses that it does not in any way weaken global-warming theory.
The study that questioned the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature record maintained by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The finding showed differences in temperature readings from ships and buoys. This effectively increased the record about warming. The researchers also extended the record to include 2014. This set a new record high for average temperatures.
Thomas Karl, director of National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville, calculated the rate of global warming between 1950 and 1999 as being 0.113°C per decade. This was similar to the 0.116°C a decade calculated for 2000-14. This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing that warming had slowed was no longer valid.
(Adapted from www.nature.com)
Topic: Extracting Core Information
Subtopic: Defining the Topic
1. The passage above mainly discusses about….
Answer: D
Perhatikan kalimat pertama pada paragraf ke-1 “The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has indeed slowed down this century.” inti kalimatnya mengatakan adanya perdebatan yang membahas tentang tren pemanasan global yang melambat abad ini. Maka topik dari teks di atas adalah (D) The contention about global warming and whether it is indeed slowing this period.
Topic: Understanding Implicit Information
Subtopic: Finding Contextual Meaning
2. The word “prominent” in paragraph 2 means….
Answer: A
Prominent (Terkenal) memiliki makna yang sama dengan pilihan jawaban (A) well-known. Sedangkan, pilihan jawaban (B) promenade artinya “perjalanan”, (C) shrewd berarti “cerdas”, (D) indolent memiliki arti “malas”, dan (E) magnificent artinya “sangat bagus”.
Topic: Paraphrasing Detailed Information
Subtopic: Understanding Specific Information
3. Why have some claimed that global warming a fabricated issue?
Answer: C
Pilihan jawaban (C) merupakan opsi yang tepat karena pada paragraf ke-4 “This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing that warming had slowed was no longer valid.” dikatakan bahwa perhitungan yang dilakukan oleh Panel Antarpemerintah pada Perubahan Iklim menunjukkan bahwa pemanasan telah melambat tidak lagi berlaku, yang mana artinya bahwa pemanasan global merupakan isu yang tidak benar.
The following text is for questions 4 to 5.
Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For example, in science and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT can improve students’ conceptual understanding, problem solving, and team working skills. Consequently, most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage school teachers to use them. However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching.
Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change, however, the spread of ICT is beginning to affect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum. The curriculum document provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education programs have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case because most current teachers’ pre-service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were designed by using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses are not familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of teaching learning processes based on ICT.
Effective development of pre-service teachers’ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a need assessment is important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs should know the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to consider the two typical arguments that support the ICT use in schools.
(Adapted from www.cjlt.ca)
Topic: Paraphrasing Detailed Information
Subtopic: Restating Phrases and Sentences
4. Which of the following best restates the sentence “Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” in paragraph 1?
Answer: A
Dalam pernyataan “Selama dua dekade terakhir, penggunaan ICT telah menjadi topik penting dalam pendidikan. Di satu sisi, penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa TIK dapat meningkatkan hasil pengajaran dan pembelajaran.” dapat dinyatakan kembali oleh opsi (A) ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can develop teaching and learning upshot.
Topic: Extracting Core Information
Subtopic: Comprehending Main Ideas
5. Based on the passage, paragraph 1 most likely discusses….
Answer: B
Pertanyaan soal ini intinya menanyakan topik paragraf ke-1. Paragraf ke-1 topiknya membahas penggunaan TIK telah menunjukkan bahwa TIK dapat meningkatkan hasil pengajaran dan pembelajaran “On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” itu artinya adanya pengembangan pendidikan dengan menggunakan TIK. Maka pilihan jawaban (B) the development of education by using ICT merupakan opsi yang tepat.
Question number 6 to 8 are based on the following text.
Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the digestion process. This is normal and it happens to everybody. However, if sleepiness occurs every time after eating and obstructs your ability to function, this may be a concern. Sleepiness after eating is caused by many factors, such as the type of food you consume, messy sleeping habits, your health condition and so forth. The body requires energy to function and this energy is obtained through food. Post-eating, the body releases hormones such as amylin, glucagon and cholecystokinin. These hormones increase blood sugar levels, creating a feeling of fullness and producing insulin that will be streamed through cell tissues and provide energy for them. At the same time, the brain releases serotonin that causes drowsiness.
Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is the hormone that is responsible for sleepiness post-meal. Some foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, poultry, eggs, fish, spinach, tofu, cheese and soybeans can trigger more drowsiness than others. Additionally, foods containing carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and tryptophan amino acids found in the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich foods.
Overeating can also cause sleepiness. Post-meal, the body streams more blood to the digestive system to better digest foods in massive amounts. This causes a temporary blood and nutrients shortage in the brain. To prevent post-meal drowsiness, it’s better to eat a balanced diet containing vegetables, grains and good fats to provide continuous energy. Drink lots of water and limit your sugar intake.
Bad sleeping patterns can also cause sleepiness after eating. After a meal, the body feels full and relaxed, making the body feel like it is resting, resulting in a feeling of sleepiness, particularly if you didn’t get a good night’s sleep the night before. To avoid this, improve your sleeping habits to prevent stress. Engaging in regular physical exercise can help you get a good night’s sleep. It is recommended that you avoid napping if you are having trouble sleeping at night.
(Adapted from www.thejakartapost.com)
Topic: Understanding Implicit Information
Subtopic: Author-related Questions
6. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
Answer: B
Tujuan penulis dalam menulis teks di atas adalah untuk menginformasikan faktor kantuk setelah makan.
Maka pilihan jawaban (B) To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness after eating merupakan opsi yang tepat.
Topic: Understanding Implicit Information
Subtopic: Author-related Questions
7. By writing the sentences in paragraph 2, the author intends to tell the readers about….
Answer: D
Paragraf ke-2 penulis intinya bermaksud untuk memberitahu pembaca bahwa kombinasi makanan yang mengandung asam amino triptofan (protein) dan karbohidrat membuat Anda merasa mengantuk (Additionally, foods containing carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and tryptophan amino acids found in the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich foods.). Maka pilihan jawaban (D) food combinations containing tryptophan amino acid and carbohydrates make you feel drowsy merupakan opsi yang tepat.
Topic: Understanding Implicit Information
Subtopic: Predicting Paragraph
8. It can be predicted from the passage that….
Answer: C
Dari kalimat “This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich foods.” dapat diprediksikan bahwa semakin sedikit Anda mengonsumsi makanan yang kaya karbohidrat, maka rasa kantuk akan berkurang. Maka pilihan jawaban (C) the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel drowsy merupakan opsi yang tepat.
The text below is for queries 9 to 10
Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and Vietnam. National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear fashion as harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to another depending on the weather. With per-capita coffee consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the wider region, there is obvious room for further growth, but there is also an obvious need for investment. The capital required to take Indonesia’s coffee industry to the next level presents appealing prospects for investors, while the country’s burgeoning coffee culture also brings opportunities for foreign exporters.
Indonesia’s tropical climate produces almost ideal conditions for planting coffee. Today, most Indonesian coffee comes from Sumatra, but Sulawesi and Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda Islands of Bali, Sumbawa and Flores as well as the country’s easternmost region of Papua all contribute to national output. Robusta coffee makes up more than three quarters of Indonesia’s produce; the remainder is of the milder Arabica type. The numerous coffee-growing regions in the country produce beans of distinct flavors and properties, and a number of highland Arabica coffees from Indonesia are recognized by aficionados the world over.
Indonesian coffee exports rose from 336,840 tonnes (or 5,614,000 60-KG bags) in crop year 2000/2001 to 656,400 tonnes (10,940,000 bags) in 2012/2013, according to data collated by the International Coffee Organization. Total production over the same period increased from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes. At present, the principal destinations for Indonesian coffee are the US, Japan and Western Europe (particularly Germany), but Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region and in China.
Indonesian per-capita consumption of around 1.2 kg in 2012 pales against more than 4 kg in the US, around 7 kg in the world’s number one coffee producer Brazil and more than 10 kg in various European countries. But with Indonesian per-capita consumption having already doubled in just a few years, domestic demand looks to be on a fast growth trend. This puts the world’s fourth-most populous country on course to become a leading coffee market. Local demand is driven by the lifestyle changes that accompany urbanization and economic development. Caffeine consumption tends to increase when a larger part of the labor force works in an office environment.
(Adapted from www.gbgindonesia.com)
Topic: Extracting Core Information
Subtopic: Summarizing The Passage
9. What is the best summary of the passage?
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Answer: E
Ringkasan yang tepat dari teks di atas adalah pilihan jawaban (E) Indonesia’s coffee growing and Indonesia’s coffee industry needs growth capital yang bermakna “Perkembangan kopi Indonesia dan industri kopi Indonesia perlu pertumbuhan modal” karena kalimat ini mewakili isi dari teks di atas sebagaimana yang tercantum di kalimat utama paragraf pertama “Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and Vietnam. National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear fashion as harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to another depending on the weather. With per-capita coffee consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the wider region, there is obvious room for further growth, but there is also an obvious need for investment.”
Topic: Paraphrasing Detailed Information
Subtopic: Understanding Specific Information
10. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 in the passage?
Answer: C
Dari paragraf ke-3 bisa disimpulkan bahwa ekspor kopi Indonesia telah meningkat dari tahun 2000/2001 sampai tahun 2012/2013. Ini ada pada awal kalimat paragraf ke-3 tersebut. Maka pilihan jawaban (C) Indonesian coffee exports increased from 2000/2001 to 2012/2013 merupakan opsi yang tepat.
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Latihan Soal 1Read the text below.In the ultra competitive world of professional sports, victory is measured in fractions of time and distance. The difference in performance between two elite athletes amounts to less than one percent. Consequently, professional athletes take great interest in ergogenic aids, which refer to any technique or substance used to enhance performance. Common legal ergogenic aids include multivitamin supplements and hypoxic training.Recently, the ability of brain stimulation to enhance sports performance has become an expanding focus of academic study. In an October 2017 article titled “Bilateral extracephalic transcranial direct current stimulation improves endurance performance in healthy individuals,” Angius and co-authors used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of brain stimulation, to improve endurance in 12 healthy, active adults during 10-minute cycling sessions.Both before and after tDCS, the researchers assessed neuromuscular performance by measuring time to task failure among participants engaged in cycling sessions. They found that placing the anodes over both motor cortices augments endurance performance.
In other words, cyclists who received anodal stimulation biked longer before quitting than did those under the cathodal and sham conditions.In addition to observing changes in corticospinal excitability in those receiving anodal stimulation, the researchers found that their ratings of perceived exertion were also lower. The researchers suggest “the increase in endurance performance might be the result of higher excitability of the motor cortex leading to a reduction in perception of effort.”Certain stakeholders have high hopes for tDCS that extend past sports performance and include training adaptations and neuroplasticity. To date, only four other studies have examined the effects of tDCS on measures of endurance. Nevertheless, the results of the current study are encouraging and could help bolster the spread of tDCS among professional athletes.Currently, the Halo Sport, a wearable neurostimulation device, which looks like a pair of headphones and leverages tDCS technology, is becoming popular among NFL athletes, MLB at Olympic athletes, and more. The device promises improvements in strength, skill, speed, and endurance.Taken from:The text above mainly informs readers about. enhancing athletic performance by brain stimulation. wearable devices to stimulate athlete’s speed.
gaps in athletic performance. improving athlete’s ability through extensive brain training. measuring athletic victory with brain stimulationJawaban: APembahasan:Soal ini menanyakan topik teks. Dalam menemukan topik teks, lakukan langkah-langkah:(1) Lakukan skimming untuk mengetahui ide umum teks.(2) Pahami kalimat pertama tiap paragraf dan simpulkan keseluruhan ide paragraf.(3) Pilih pilihan jawaban yang mewakili kesimpulan dari kalimat pertama tiap paragraf.Paragraf 1 → In the ultra competitive world of professional sports, victory is measured in fractions of time and distance. Kalimat ini memberikan petunjuk bahwa teks membahas tentang dunia olahraga, khususnya perolehan kemenangan dalam olahraga profesional.Paragraf 2 → Recently, the ability of brain stimulation to enhance sports performance has become an expanding focus of academic study.
Terdapat frasa kunci brain stimulation to enhance sport performance. Hal ini berarti bahwa secara spesifik teks ini akan membahas tentang bagaimana cara meningkatkan performa olahraga melalui stimulasi otak.Sebenarnya, dari hanya memerhatikan dua paragraf ini, sudah bisa menjawab pertanyaan pada soal. Teks ini secara keseluruhan membicarakan tentang cara meningkatkan performa atlet melalui stimulasi otak. Adapun paragraf ketiga sampai keenam menjelaskan mengenai teknis/penelitian tentang stimulasi otak yang dimaksud. Jadi, topik teks ini adalah mengenai enhancing athletic performance by brain stimulation. Latihan Soal 2Read the text below.Interdependence is a psychosocial concept that sees closeness as the key to all relationships; it has long been an important concept in family systems, although its application in young adulthood has not been as well studied.
But interdependence is increasingly being viewed as an alternative endpoint to maturity. This is an important distinction, reverberating through social science, lifespan psychology, cross-cultural studies and developmental theories.
It’s also particularly germane to consider now, at a time when over 35% of 18-34 year olds in America, across all income levels still live with their parents: In Italy, courts have found that even self-supporting adults, like their 30 year old lawyer son who brought the action, have a right to remain under the family roof!Interdependence may be a natural outgrowth of the boomers’ parenting style, which stressed relatability, emotional openness, and an attempt at greater authenticity with its kids; how they feel—their happiness—is more important than what they accomplish. Its key dynamic is mutuality, which is the characteristic most associated with well-functioning households where two or more generations of adults lives together, establishes a template for the continued coherence of the family. There’s something in it for everyone; companionship, affection, support, help of all kinds, an antidote to loneliness.“Just being there to give or get a hug, especially on a bad day,” one parent reports. “Help with the top half of the sandwich, my own mother,” says another.
“I can afford to live on my own, but why should I? Here I’m surrounded by people who love me and care about what happens to me. That’s rare in many lives,” says a 28-year-old daughter, a teacher who lives at home “by choice, not necessity.” Many parents, who report “a comfortable reliance” on their grown kids, report that it’s not as one-sided an arrangement as it is often made out to be.
“It is not take, take, take by any means. If they weren’t contributing, I’d feel differently.”For a generation that professionalized parenting to an unprecedented degree—that always wanted to be the kind of parents their kids would choose as friends even if they weren’t related—it’s a win-win situation. Interdependence is an idea whose time and place has come.Taken from:The underlined word in paragraph 1 refers to. assuming. reacting. echoing. noising.
presumingJawaban: CPembahasan:Lakukan langkah-langkah berikut untuk menentukan sinonim atau arti kata. Perhatikan kata yang ditanya dan baca pilihan jawabannya.
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